diode
The diode is a fundamental electronic component that allows current to flow in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction. Its main functions include rectification, modulation, and protection of circuits. Technologically, diodes are designed with semiconductor materials like silicon or germanium, which offer low forward voltage drop and high reverse breakdown voltage. This makes them suitable for a variety of applications, from power supplies to signal processing. In practical use, diodes are crucial in converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), detecting radio signals, and safeguarding circuits from voltage spikes.